Starting in the summer of 2022, Solitary Watch is publishing a series of fact sheets offering facts, analysis, and resources on a variety of topics related to the use of solitary confinement in U.S. prisons, jails, and immigrant and juvenile facilities. Fact sheets are designed to be accessed online and also printed out and copied for use by educators, advocates, policymakers, and others.

Solitary Confinement & Prison Oversight: Fact Sheet #6 (New Series)

Fact Sheet #6 states, “To ensure the effective implementation of solitary confinement reforms, and to monitor prison conditions more generally, a small but increasing number of states have established prison oversight bodies that operate independently of corrections agencies. While independent oversight bodies vary in structure and effectiveness, and come with challenges and limitations of their own, many advocates believe that oversight will play a key role in the success of efforts to end solitary confinement.”

The four-page document (available as a PDF) also includes comprehensive notes and resources.

Solitary Confinement and The Brain: The Neurological Effects: Fact Sheet #5 (New Series)

Fact Sheet #5 explores existing research on the psychological effects of solitary confinement, which suggests that the practice is extremely harmful, both emotionally and cognitively. One study showed that people in solitary are seven times more likely to commit self-harm and six times more likely to commit fatal self-harm than those held in general prison populations. Individuals held in solitary for any amount of time while serving a prison sentence are also more likely to die of all causes in the first year after release, especially of suicide and homicide.

The four-page document (available as a PDF) also includes comprehensive notes and resources.

Solitary Confinement and Prison Safety: Fact Sheet #4 (New Series)

Fact Sheet #4 addresses misconceptions about solitary confinement and prison violence, and provides the facts on the relationship between solitary and prison safety. As the fact sheet states, “Many studies over the last two decades have shown that solitary confinement is not an effective method of controlling incarcerated people or addressing prison violence.” It continues: “In fact, many facilities where solitary confinement has been reduced or eliminated also saw a decrease in hostility between incarcerated people and correctional officers and overall reductions in the number of violent incidents. Additionally, many facilities have reduced violence by instituting policies that reward positive behavior, enhance programming, increase the autonomy of incarcerated people, and train prison staff in alternative approaches.”

The four-page document (available as a PDF) also includes comprehensive notes and resources.

The Psychological Effects of Solitary Confinement: Fact Sheet #3 (New Series)

Fact Sheet #3 covers the wide-ranging and devastating psychological effects of solitary. As the fact sheet states, “A growing body of research has found that solitary confinement not only further exacerbates the symptoms of mental illness in individuals already diagnosed with psychiatric conditions, but also creates new mental health issues in people with no previous history of mental illness.”

The four-page document (available as a PDF) also includes comprehensive notes and resources.

The Collateral Consequences of Solitary Confinement: Fact Sheet #2 (New Series)

Fact Sheet #2 details the far-reaching and even lethal effects of solitary confinement. As the fact sheet states, “The negative effects of solitary confinement go far beyond immediate suffering, affect people in all areas of their lives, and can last long after individuals have returned to the general prison population or the free world.” However, “little attention has been given to the specific collateral consequences of solitary confinement. These consequences include the destruction of family relationships, lasting financial hardship, exclusion from work and educational programing, additional time behind bars, increased recidivism, and even shortened life spans.”

The four-page document (available as a PDF) also includes comprehensive notes and resources.

Racism and Solitary Confinement: Fact Sheet #1 (New Series)

The first fact sheet in the new series covers how racism in the U.S. punishment system plays out in relation to the use of solitary. As the fact sheet states, “The systemic discrimination that has led to the mass incarceration of people of color has replicated itself within solitary confinement. Behind bars, people of color are more likely to be perceived as a threat by staff and more likely to face serious punishments in comparison with their white counterparts. Both factors contribute to racial disparities in the use of solitary confinement.”

The fact sheet also documents racial disparities in how mental illness is treated in the punishment system, and in responses to political activism by people of color. The four-page document (available as a PDF) also includes comprehensive notes and resources.

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